The American Revolution

E1. In Order to Be Free (May 1754 – May 1775)

Opposition in colonial North America to British policies over taxes, land and sovereignty escalates into violent confrontation; war gives 13 colonies a common cause.

★ 3.8

E2. An Asylum for Mankind (May 1775 – July 1776)

Congress puts George Washington in command of a new Continental Army; Congress declares American independence in July 1776.

★ 3.6

E3. The Times That Try Men's Souls (July 1776 – January 1777)

British General Howe defeats General Washington, forcing the Americans to abandon New York; Washington's army regroups in New Jersey before attacking an outpost at Trenton.

★ 4.0

E4. Conquer by a Drawn Game (January 1777 – February 1778)

General Howe takes Philadelphia, but the Americans' surprising victory over General Burgoyne at Saratoga encourages France to support the U.S.

★ 3.6

E5. The Soul of All America (December 1777 – May 1780)

The French-American alliance changes the war and moves it to other theaters; navies battle off England and in the Caribbean, while armies advance in Indian Country and the South; the British take Charleston.

★ 3.6

E6. The Most Sacred Thing (May 1780 – Onward)

British General Cornwallis struggles to pacify the southern states; supported by the French, a victory at Yorktown secures independence for the Americans.

★ 3.7